Effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB on pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and its mechanism / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) on pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH).@*METHODS@#A total of 128 neonatal rats were randomly divided into four groups: PDGF-BB+HPH, HPH, PDGF-BB+normal oxygen, and normal oxygen (n=32 each). The rats in the PDGF-BB+HPH and PDGF-BB+normal oxygen groups were given an injection of 13 μL 6×1010 PFU/mL adenovirus with PDGF-BB genevia the caudal vein. After 24 hours of adenovirus transfection, the rats in the HPH and PDGF-BB+HPH groups were used to establish a neonatal rat model of HPH. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was measured on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 of hypoxia. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe pulmonary vascular morphological changes under an optical microscope, and vascular remodeling parameters (MA% and MT%) were also measured. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression levels of PDGF-BB and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in lung tissue.@*RESULTS@#The rats in the PDGF-BB+HPH and HPH groups had a significantly higher RVSP than those of the same age in the normal oxygen group at each time point (P<0.05). The rats in the PDGF-BB+HPH group showed vascular remodeling on day 3 of hypoxia, while those in the HPH showed vascular remodeling on day 7 of hypoxia. On day 3 of hypoxia, the PDGF-BB+HPH group had significantly higher MA% and MT% than the HPH, PDGF-BB+normal oxygen, and normal oxygen groups (P<0.05). On days 7, 14, and 21 of hypoxia, the PDGF-BB+HPH and HPH groups had significantly higher MA% and MT% than the PDGF-BB+normal oxygen and normal oxygen groups (P<0.05). The PDGF-BB+HPH and HPH groups had significantly higher expression levels of PDGF-BB and PCNA than the normal oxygen group at all time points (P<0.05). On days 3, 7, and 14 of hypoxia, the PDGF-BB+HPH group had significantly higher expression levels of PDGF-BB and PCNA than the HPH group (P<0.05), while the PDGF-BB+normal oxygen group had significantly higher expression levels of PDGF-BB and PCNA than the normal oxygen group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Exogenous administration of PDGF-BB in neonatal rats with HPH may upregulate the expression of PCNA, promote pulmonary vascular remodeling, and increase pulmonary artery pressure.

Efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for preventive analgesia in patients underwent gynecological laparoscopy / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for preventive analgesia in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy. Methods 60 ASA physical status I ~ II, aged 30 ~ 50 yr, weighting 50 ~ 65 kg patients scheduled for elective gynecological laparoscopy were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table (n = 20 each): control group (group I), preoperative TAP block group (group II) and postoperative TAP block group (group III). Ultrasound-guided bilateral TAP block was performed before induction of anesthesia or at the end of surgery in II and III groups, respectively. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with 1μg/ml sufentanil (background infusion 2 ml/h, bolus dose 2 ml, lockout interval 15 min) was used until 2 days after surgery and VAS score was maintained ≤ 3. When VAS score > 3, flurbiprofen axetil 50 mg was injected intravenously as rescue medication. The consumption of sufentanil per hour, requirement for rescue medication, and development of adverse reactions were recorded within 24 h after surgery. Sufentanil-sparing degree was calculated. Results Compared with group I, the consumption of sufentanil per hour, requirement for rescue medication and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly lower within 24 h after surgery in II and III groups (P < 0.05). The consumption of sufentanil per hour, requirement for rescue medication and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly lower in group II than in group III (P < 0.05). The consumption of sufentanil was decreased by 35.0% in group II as compared with group I, and decreased by 16.0% in group II as compared with group III. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided TAP block can provide good postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy, and effect of preoperative nerve block is better than that of postoperative nerve block.

Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine mixed with Ropivacaine for adductor canal block combined with general anesthesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Dexmedetomidine mixed with Ropivacaine for adductor canal block combined with general anesthesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery. Methods Ninety patients underwent elective unilateral arthroscopic knee surgery were randomly divided into three groups (n = 30 each): general anesthesia group (Group G), general anesthesia + Ropivacaine for adductor canal block group (Group G+R) and general anesthesia + Dexmedetomidine mixed with Ropivacaine for adductor canal block group (Group G+DR). After the end of anesthesia induction, ultrasound-guided adductor canal block was performed in G+R and G+DR groups. In G+R and G+DR groups, 20 ml of 0.375% Ropivacaine and 20 ml of 0.375% Ropivacaine mixed with 0.6 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine were injected, respectively. After the induction of general anesthesia, the i-gel laryngeal mask airway was inserted, and the patients were mechanically ventilated in the two groups. Anesthesia was maintained with Remifentanil 0.15 μg/(kg?min) and Propofol adjusted to maintain BIS between 45 and 55. The time for recovery of spontaneous breathing, emergence time, and time for removal of LMA were recorded. The VAS scores at rest, during active functional exercise (AFE) and continuous passive movement (CPM) were recorded at the following points: 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after surgery. And quadriceps strength was evaluated at the following points: preoperative evaluation, 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after surgery. The total consumption of rescue analgesics, complications associated with adductor canal block, and occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events, over-sedation and postoperative nausea and vomiting were also recorded. Results Compared with Group G and Group G+R, the time for recovery of spontaneous breathing, emergence time, and time for removal of LMA were significantly shorter (P < 0.01). Compared with Group G, the VAS scores at rest, during AFE and CPM at 1 h and 4 h after surgery and the total consumption of Flurbiprofen axetil in Group G+R, and the VAS scores at rest, during AFE and CPM at 1 h, 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after surgery and the total consumption of Flurbiprofen axetil in Group G+DR were lower (all P < 0.05). Compared with Group G+R, the VAS scores at rest, during AFE and CPM at 8 h and 12 h after surgery and the total consumption of Flurbiprofen axetil in Group G+DR were lower (P < 0.01). No significant differences were seen among three groups in the terms of quadriceps strength, Dezocine consumption and adverse reactions (P > 0.05). Conclusion 0.6 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine mixed with 0.375% Ropivacaine 20 ml can provide faster recovery from anesthesia and effectively improve postoperative analgesia without inducing obvious adverse reactions when used for adductor canal block combined with general anesthesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery.

Profiles of glaucoma medication / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

?As a globally recognized irreversible blindness disease, glaucoma can lead to pathological intraocular hypertension, loss of optic ganglion cells and axonal progressive, more and more deep optic cup, and the expanded visual field defect. Various researches show that excitatory amino acid toxicity, oxidative damage, apoptosis, intracellular Ca2+overloading etc. , pathogenic factors are all involved in the occurrence and development of glaucoma. Now, a variety of clinical drugs and operation treatment are applied to control the glaucoma progress. Further more, there are many new drugs and methods in the process of development. This is an article on the current anti-glaucoma drugs.

Comparison study of clinical effect and complications between subfascial and submammary breast augmentation / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical effect and complications of subfascial breast augmentation and submammary breast augmentation.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>From Sept. 2009 to May 2012 , 25 patients with subfascial breast augmentation and 31 patients with submammary breast augmentation were observed. The postoperative results including visible implant edge or ripple, upper pole of the implant and long-term implant ptosis were compared respectively. The complications including hematoma, infection and capsular contraction were also recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>56 cases were followed up for 2 months to 26 months. The incidence rate of visible implant edge or ripple was 4.0% (1/25 ) in the subfascial group and 29.0% (9/31) in the submammary group, showing a significant difference between them ( PC 0.05). The incidence rate of convex upper pole of the implant was 8.0% (2/25) in the subfascial group and 35.5% (11/31) in the submammary group, showing a significant difference between them ( P < 0.05). Long-term implant ptosis was not found in the two groups. The incidence rate of hematoma was 4.0% (1/25) in the subfascial group and 6.5% (2/31) in the submammary group, infection was not found. The incidence rate of capsular contraction was 8.0% (2/25) in the subfascial group and 12.9% (4/31) in the submammary group, showing no statistical difference between them ( P > 0.05 ).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Subfascial breast augmentation has more clinical advantages compared with submammary breast augmentation, but no evident difference was found in the common complication rate, such as capsular contraction.</p>

Reduction mammaplasty with central gland pedicle based on Würinger's horizontal septum / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the method and efficacy of reduction mammaplasty with central gland pedicle based on Würinger' s horizontal septum in the treatment of female breast hypertrophy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Mar. 2009 to Sept. 2011, a series of 21 consecutive patients with mild and moderate hypermastia underwent reduction mammaplasty with central gland pedicle. Only the mammary gland located at cranial portion of septum was resected and the mammary gland located at caudal portion of septum was preserved.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In our series, the mean resection weight per breast was (327.8 +/- 148.6) g, the mean nipple-to clavicle midpoint was 20.0 cm (range, 18.0-22.0 cm) and the mean nipple-to-sternal-notch distance was 21.0 cm (range, 19.5-22.5 cm) postoperatively. Nipple was moved upward 6.5 cm on average (range, 4.0-10.0 cm). There was no hematoma and nipple-areolar complex (NAC) necrosis. Minimal wound dehiscence occurred in one case and healed by dressing change. 17 cases were followed up for 3 months to 2 years. Satisfactory breast shape was achieved with good NAC sensibility.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The reduction mammaplasty with central gland pedicle based on Würinger' s horizontal septum is a safe and reliable technique for mild and moderate hypermastia. Satisfactory breast contour, as well as NAC viability and sensibility, could be achieved with lower occurrence of hematoma or seroma.</p>

Expression of estrogen sulfotransferase in the mammary gland of hypertrophic breast and its significance / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) in the mammary gland of hypertrophic breast and its significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EST expression in the mammary gland was detected by EnVision two step method of immunohistochemistry in 15 cases with normal breasts and 32 cases with hypertrophic breasts, including 19 gland-associated cases and 13 fat-associated cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive expression rate of EST in mammary gland was 34.4% (11/32) in hypertrophic group and 93.3% (14/15) in normal group, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). The positive expression rate of EST was 10.5% (2/19) in gland-associated group and 69.2% (9/ 13) in fat-associated group, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Decrease or deletion of EST in the mammary gland may be related to the development of hypertrophic breast, especially gland-associated hypertrophic breast.</p>

Analysis of human gastric cancer by transcriptome and proteome profiling / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen differential expression genes and proteins at transcriptome and proteome levels between human gastric cancer tissue and corresponding normal mucosa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fresh-frozen gastric cancers were collected from patients treated at Ruijin Hospital. A total of 22 pairs of gastric cancer tissues and the corresponding noncancerous mucosa were analyzed. Commercially available cDNA microarray with 14 592 genes/ESTs was used. Genes were considered to be up-or down-regulated when the intensity ratio Cy3/Cy5 was > or = 2 or < or = 0.5 in over 50% samples (P<0.05). Immobilized pH gradient(IPG)-based 2-DE was applied to separate the total proteins of gastric cancer tissue and paired normal tissue. After staining and analysis by software,the differential expression proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) or MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared with corresponding noncancerous tissue, there were totally 149 up-regulating genes/ESTs and 238 down-regulating genes/ESTs in gastric cancer, including 29 genes with 3-fold over-expression ratio and 21 genes with 5-fold under-expression. Fifteen protein spots were identified successfully, among whom there were ten over-expressed and five under-expressed proteins in gastric cancer tissue compared with normal tissue. Most of over-expressed genes and proteins were related to cell motility, cell proliferation, signal transduction, while those under-expressed genes and proteins were related to defense response, toxoid metabolism.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Studying gastric cancer at transcriptome and proteome levels can help demonstrate tumorigenesis and biological characteristics of gastric cancer comprehensively and provide powerful tools to find new biomarkers associated with gastric cancer and therapy targets.</p>

Gene expression profiling of diffuse-type gastric cancer by cDNA microarray / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify cancer-related genes in diffuse-type gastric cancer and to explore its molecular mechanism by cDNA microarray analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 22 pairs of diffuse-type gastric cancer tissue and the corresponding normal mucosa were taken and freshly frozen. cDNA microarray with 14,592 genes/ESTs was used. Genes were considered to be up- or down-regulated when the fluorescent intensity ratio between tumor and normal mucosa was over 2-fold in over 50% of the samples (P < 0.05). Hierarchical clustering of regulated genes was performed as a measure to study expressional similarity. Validation of array results was carried out by real time quantitative PCR (QPCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those of corresponding normal mucosa, there were a total of 153 genes/ESTs up-regulated and 204 down-regulated in diffuse-type gastric cancer. Hierarchical clustering demonstrated that the genes belonging to the same subgroup displayed similar function. Most of the overexpressed genes were those related to cell adhesion, cell motility, matrix reconstruction, cell proliferation and/or signal transduction; while genes related to defense response, toxicoid metabolism, DNA repairing, nuclear-cytoplasmic transport and/or anti-apoptosis made up the main list of the underexpressed genes. Seven genes showed higher expression in TNM (T I + T II) group than in (T III + T IV) group. QPCR confirmed the array analysis results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gene expression profiling by cDNA microarray analysis provides not only molecular understanding of biological properties of cancer, but may also be helpful in discovering new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in gastric adenocarcinoma.</p>

Immunogenicity of bovine jugular vein conduits treated with different cross-linking methods / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the immunogenicity of bovine jugular vein conduits (BJVCs) treated with different cross-linking methods.@*METHODS@#The BJVCs were treated with glutaradehyde (GA), dye-mediated photooxidation (DMP) and polyepoxy compound (PC) (n = 10). The tissue homogenates obtained from BJVCs treated with PC, GA, DMP, and fresh BJVCs, were mixed with the complete Freand adjavant to form the emulsive antigen, which were used to immunize rabbits correspondently. The antibody concentrations to BJVCs in those rabbits' serum were measured by counter double immuno diffusion. The immunologic responses to the BJVCs in different groups were measured with Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#The positive bands appeared when the sera of rabbits were immunized by fresh BJVCs reacted with antigens of fresh BJVCs, but no bands appeared when the sera of rabbits were immunized by fresh BJVCs reacted with those antigens of the BJVCs treated with GA, DMP, and PC in Western blotting.@*CONCLUSION@#The immunogenicity of BJVCs treated with PC, DMP, and GA can be reduced significantly and meet the clinical standard.